10:31
“The Jews picked up stones..” Only the Romans had the authority to invoked the death penalty, so only in a fit of rage could the Jews hope to carry out a stoning. However, it may just have been a threat, an indication of their feelings, rather than an actual attempt to stone Jesus. The fact that 10:40 says they sought to arrest Him, and the events leading up to the crucifixion where they successfully sought to get Pilate to order His crucifixion, indicate that the picking up of stones was possibly just a symbolic gesture.
10:32
Jesus did not flinch, but challenged them, seeking to make them think. “For which of my good works from the Father are you going to stone me?” The good works that Jesus did were the works that the Father had given Him to do. The works involved many miracles, and these works set people free. For which of these were they going to stone Him? The religious leaders were obsessed with their own doctrine, Jesus was seeking to get them to focus on who He actually was.
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