8:5,6
There were many “so-called gods”. I.e. objects or beliefs that society called gods or lords, that society though exerted an influence on life and on people. These beliefs were false and groundless, yet because people believed them they had an effect on people and society.
In contrast to this, the Christian belief was that there is only one God, the Father. All things came from Him, i.e. He is the creator, and it is for Him alone that we live. So the Christian “religion” upholds the Jewish concept of God. However, it then extends it, for Paul now adds “and there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom we live”. I.e Christ is the One through whom all things were created, and the One we live for. So we have trinitarian theology here (Paul is just focusing on the Father and the Son). The Father and the Son are treated as equal.
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