5:18
One trespass led to condemnation for all men. That is a theological fact, it is also an empirical fact. We can see it in our own lives, and in the world around us. So condemnation and death came to all through the one man, Adam. In Christ justification and life come to all men. The “all” here means all who believe, it is not universalism.
5:19
The basic human problem is sin. We were meant to be righteous, but instead we are sinners. The world’s way of dealing with this problem is to try and argue that our sins are not actually sins, we see this most clearly in the sexual arena. This problem has been truly solved by the one man Jesus Christ. Through Adam’s sin all were made sinners. By the obedience of one man, Jesus, many will be made righteous. Jesus’s obedience was not a single act, but a whole life of obedience, culminating in the supreme act of obedience, going to the cross.
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