63:10
The previous three verses are talking about God’s rescuing them from Egypt, for now we get “yet they rebelled”. God had brought the Israelites out of Egypt, led them through the desert and into the Promised Land. But they never truly trusted the Lord, and so the Holy Spirit was grieved and God became their enemy. Hence the Babylonian exile. In the New Testament we are told not to grieve the Holy Spirit (Eph 4:30). We tend to read this in the sense of not making the Holy Spirit sad, this verse in Isaiah, which Paul would have been fully aware of, in a much more serious sense.
63:11-14
These verse give a description of what will go on in the minds of the people when they come to their (spiritual) senses. They will remember what things were like in the past, when God guided them and dwelt amongst them. Note the emphasis on the Holy Spirit in this chapter. God worked amongst them in power. The last verse says “to make for yourself a glorious name”. This is God’s object, and it is still His object through the church and through Israel.
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