10:18
So had those who did not believe not heard? Was that the problem? No, for Israel had received the Law and the Prophets which looked forward to the gospel, and the gospel had been going out to the nations of Europe and Asia Minor. The focus here, however, is on Israel. Israel certainly had heard. Indeed the Messiah Himself had come to Israel. The quote is from Ps 19:4.
10:19
So not hearing was not the problem for Israel. Perhaps the message was unintelligible. But this was not the case either. For Gentiles had understood and believed the message, and they were “not a nation”, “a foolish nation”. God would make Israel angry, which indeed He succeeded in doing. For Israel was angry that the Gentiles were coming into the kingdom. Paul here is quoting from Dt 32:21.
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