This Psalm was either written by Solomon, or for him. At the end it says "this concludes the prayers of David", so perhaps this was written by David for his son who he knew would succeed him.
The most important thing for a ruler to have was God's righteousness and justice. Human rulers are meant to reflect God's qualities. We were made in God's image and it is right for us to ask God to endow us with His qualities. The outcome of this is that the ruler would then rule the people with justice and righteousness.
The Godly ruler will bring prosperity to the nation, and will defend the cause of the poor and the afflicted.
His rule will extend across the nation, and he will defeat all his enemies.
Why will this happen? Because he has great military power and skill? No, but because he defends then needy and the weak, because he is full of mercy. Our strength and security come from the Lord, so when we follow His ways we dwell under His covering.
"Then all nations will be blessed through him". This is an echo of the promise given to Abraham (Gen 12:3). The blessing is always meant to extend from God's servants to the whole world.
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