The Pharisees and Sadducees were the two main religious groups, and were later to be involved in many disputes with Jesus. The two groups were normally opposed to each other, a fact used by Paul when he returned to Jerusalem. The Sadducees were well-off and sought to introduce Greek ideas into Judaism, they did not believe in miracles nor the resurrection of the dead. They accepted only the first five books of the Old Testament.
The Pharisees were committed to strict observance of the Law and had developed many additions. These additions were designed to provide a "hedge" to stop people violating the law. They were also dedicated to interpreting the Scriptures. However, they considered themselves somewhat superior to the common people. Despite this, most people held them in great respect. Unlike the Sadducees, they did believe in angels, miracles and the resurrection.
John, patently, did not hold the Pharisees or Sadducees in high esteem! He made it abundantly clear that whatever their position in society, they too needed to repent. They were very proud of Abraham being their ancestor, but this held no sway with John. What mattered was the quality of their life.
John also knew that he was preparing the way for someone much greater than he. The Messiah would baptise with the Holy Spirit and fire. Jesus too would come with judgement. We need to be aware that the common picture of "gentle Jesus meek and mild" is grossly distorted.
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