Jacob gathers all his sons so that he can "bless" them, so in some cases it isn't the sort of blessing you want! In fact Jacob's own words a re a better description of what he is doing, telling them what will happen in the days to come. What is the basis for these "predicitons"? It is the life of faith and experience of walking (and wrestling) with God.
Reuben, although the firstborn, will suffer because of his sexual misconduct. Actions have consequences. Likewise Simeon and Levi will suffer because of their violence.
Judah means praise, and Judah inherits the birthright of his three brothers. Judah will have the mantle of authority. Note that praise goes together with authority. If we want to have authority in our life then (i) we need to act rightly; and (ii) we need to praise God.
Zebulun and Issachar get a relatively brief mention. Dan will both provide justice, and be deceitful. Gad, Asher and Naphtali, likewise get brief mentions.
Joseph receives the longest blessing. The difference between him and the rest is that he is marked out by God, and strengthened by God. Benjamin is mentioned last.
Jacob gives instructions for his burial, and then dies.
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