In chapters 9-11 Paul changes tack quite a bit, considering in some depth the relationship of Israel to the gospel and their long term place in God's plans. There are two extreme views on the place of Israel sometimes taken by some people: one seems to assume that Israel can do no wrong; the other that Israel no longer has a special place in God's plans. Paul takes a remarkably balanced view, and if we want to know the place of Israel in God's plans these three chapters are crucial. They are also useful correcting wrong thinking. Furthermore, they can help us appreciate our place in God's plan as well.
Note first the deep emotion stirred in Paul. This was not a matter of mere academic interest to Paul, he cared deeply about Israel. In fact it is a feature of many of the prophets in the Old Testament that they cared deeply about the people they were prophesying to, even when they had harsh words to say to Israel. They were not dispassionate observers.
Israel undoubtedly is special. For God revealed His glory amongst them, He gave the great promises to them, He gave the Law to them. So many of the heroes of the Bible came from Israel, and most telling of all, in human terms, Jesus was a Jew. So it just will not do to say that Israel does not matter any more.
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